NEMA Rated Enclosures for Watertight and Explosion Proof Environments
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NEMA enclosures are commonly used for electronics for automation, process controls, drives and PLC’s. The thermal management of these electronic enclosures has become very important in protecting expensive components, as well as the awareness of the cost of cooling these enclosures.
NEMA cabinets are used for protection from the harsh environments encountered in many industries,both indoor and outdoors. Without some form of cooling or heat removal,problems occur with sensitive electronics. Most electronics can handle temperatures between 40c and 50c, some more. It’s always a good idea to check the manufacturer specifications regarding the heat load of the device being used; this will help in making the correct thermal decision for your applications.
The following are the most popular choices in the marketplace with some general pricing considerations and assumptions needed to make a good decision.
First, is to purchase a cabinet large enough that can use natural convection to remove the waste heat through the cabinet. You might not have the real estate for this option. This could potentially cost more money than cooling because of the cost of the metal cabinet.
Second, would be the fan and filter. This option is the most economical of all but is not preferred in dirty environments. The extra maintenance needed to clean the electronics within the cabinet defeats the cost savings and puts expensive electronics at risk.
Third, is the thermoelectric device. This solid state air conditioner provides cooling while using one watt of power to remove one watt of heat. They are typically used in small cabinets and are not very efficient.
Next are the air compressor coolers. They use plant air to create a “Cyclone” effect that cools the inside of the cabinet. The cost of plant air should be considered and if the air used is clean. They can produce an oil mist inside the cabinet.
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The panel air conditioner is used more than any other method. When electronics first made their way into the plant, air conditioners had to be used because the thermal thresholds of the electronics required that the temperatures be below ambient conditions.
Now, however, the components are made to withstand more heat. Air conditioner units cost more to install and maintain and use more energy than most other options. The use of thermostats is common to regulate the operation of use in certain conditions.
Finally you have the heat exchangers or cabinet coolers. These devices are being used more and more because of energy savings and low maintenance. Most heat exchangers are designed to be sealed from dust in the air and some can protect against moisture and corrosion They are generally easy to install and very reliable. They also can be controlled by a thermostat. Air to water heat exchangers can be used for high ambient applications where water is available.
For all outdoor applications sun load should be a consideration and the Neptech team can help you this calculation. Generally it’s a good idea to consider a sunshield.
When you look at an application as an integrator or end user be mindful of the safety factors that may or may not be included in the thermal specifications. They are sometimes not necessary and can cost you energy and dollars.
Energy savings has always been a factor, but more and more a necessity with the high cost of oil and commodities in today’s world. With some consideration and effort you can make the right choice for your application and customers.
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NEMA 1 NEMA 1 enclosures are typically used for protecting controls and terminations from objects and personnel. This style of enclosure, while offering a latching door, does not have a gasketed sealing surface. NEMA 1 enclosures are used in applications where sealing out dust, oil, and water is not required. Motor start/stop stations are often housed in NEMA 1 enclosures.
NEMA 3R NEMA 3R enclosures are typically used in outdoor applications for wiring and junction boxes. This style of enclosure provides protection against falling rain, sleet, snow, and external ice formation. Indoors they protect against dripping water. This style of enclosure does not have a gasketed sealing surface. Some models have hasps for padlocking.
NEMA 3S NEMA 3S enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust, rain, sleet, and to provide for operation of external mechanisms when ice laden.
NEMA 4 NEMA 4 enclosures are used in many applications where an occasional washdown occurs or where machine tool cutter coolant is used. They also serve in applications where a pressurized stream of water will be used. NEMA 4 enclosures are gasketed and the door is clamped for maximum sealing. They have continuous hinges, mounting feet, and padlock hasps.
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NEMA 4X NEMA 4X enclosures are made of stainless steel or plastic. NEMA 4X enclosures are used in harsher environments than standard NEMA 4 units. Applications where corrosive materials and caustic cleaners are used necessitate the use of a NEMA 4X enclosure. Applications include food, such as meat/poultry processing facilities, where total washdown with disinfectants occur repeatedly and petro-chemical facilities, including offshore petroleum sites. NEMA 4X is used when protection from the worst environments is required.
NEMA 6P NEMA 6P enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against the entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth.
NEMA 12 NEMA 12 enclosures are designed to prevent the ingress of dust, water, and oil. NEMA 12 enclosures are most often used for indoor applications of automation control and electronic drives systems. Some examples are packaging, material handling, non-corrosive process control, and manufacturing applications. Gasketed doors seal the enclosure's contents from airborne contaminants and non-pressurized water and oil.
NEMA 13 NEMA 13 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against dust, spraying of water, oil, and non-corrosive coolant.
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